一 | The decision says the state-level department “will recognize any unborn child with a detectable human heartbeat … as eligible for the Georgia individual income tax dependent exemption,” explaining that the new rule follows from the US Supreme Court’s June ruling in Dobbs vs. Jackson and a US Court of Appeals decision in Sistersong vs. Kemp that was handed down on July 20.,The former overturned the 1973 Roe vs. Wade ruling, removing the federal right to an abortion, and the latter allowed Georgia’s so-called “heartbeat bill,” signed into law in 2019 but blocked by a judge, to take effect.,Beginning on July 20, 2022, taxpayers filing a claim can get a tax exemption of $3,000 per embryo, but may need to provide "relevant medical records or other supporting documents,” the department says.,The Georgia law claims to ban abortions after what it calls a “fetal heartbeat” is detectable, which can be as early as six weeks after conception, when most people don’t yet know that they’re pregnant. However, the situation it describes in that way is not actually a heartbeat, but a series of electrical impulses from a cluster of cells that will eventually grow into the heart’s “pacemaker” if the pregnancy develops normally.,Opponents have said the concept is not scientific and is an attempt to ban abortions at an extremely early time.,Before the high court struck down Roe vs. Wade in June, the 1973 ruling had banned restrictions on abortion access during the first trimester, which typically ends around week 12 of the pregnancy, and only allowed restrictions, but not bans, during the second trimester. However, with those rules now gone, several restrictive laws passed years ago but blocked because they violated the court’s ruling have now been allowed to take effect, as have abortion-banning laws from before the Roe ruling that were never removed from the books, and so-called “trigger laws” written to take effect whenever Roe was overturned.,Thus, according to the law in Georgia, the moment an embryo (it’s not technically a fetus yet) in a pregnant person’s uterus has a detectable series of “pacemaker” electrical signals, it’s officially a person.,However, more liberal areas of the Peach State have vowed to oppose the two court rulings, with district attorneys in the Atlanta area pledging they will “not be using precious tax dollars allocated to this office to pursue prosecutions” under the abortion-restricting law.,In other US states with similar “heartbeat” laws, the effort to extend legal personhood to fetuses and embryos has hit rockier terrain. An Arizona judge blocked a bill on the subject last month, calling it “constitutionally vague.”,Taxation isn’t the only unexpected change caused by the Dobbs ruling: a woman in Texas has tried to argue that her unborn fetus should count as a passenger in her car, allowing her to drive in the high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane on the highway.。 记者24日从兰州大学获悉，该校物理科学与技术学院田永辉教授团队在光学数字计算领域取得重要进展。该团队研制出一种可重构光学算术逻辑单元芯片，将多种逻辑与算术运算集成于同一硬件平台。相关成果发表于国际权威期刊《自然·通讯》。 随着人工智能与数据密集型应用对高速、低时延计算需求的激增，传统电子集成电路正面临摩尔定律放缓、互连带宽受限和功耗持续上升等挑战。集成光子技术凭借大带宽、高速并行处理和低传输时延等优势，为突破电子计算瓶颈提供了重要的技术路径。 基于这一背景，研究团队依托成熟的硅光子集成平台，利用微环调制器体积小、调制速度快、功耗低且易于电控重构的特点，研制出可实现多种逻辑与算术功能动态切换的光学数字计算芯片。团队通过级联微环构建基本逻辑单元，实现了NOT、AND、OR、XOR和XNOR等多种逻辑运算；同时引入波长维度并行处理不同二进制位，使同一硬件架构能够动态切换为2比特加法器、减法器和数值比较器，无需重新设计芯片结构。 芯片基于220纳米硅绝缘体平台制备，每个微环集成载流子耗尽型高速电光调制结构和热调谐单元，可分别完成高速数据加载与工作波长校准。实验结果表明，该系统在20Gbit/s速率下实现了基本逻辑运算及算术功能，计算密度达到528Gbit/s2，能效达12.36fJ/bit。 在此基础上，团队完成了高速数据加密与解密、医学图像水印嵌入和图像差异增强等应用验证，展示了该架构从基础逻辑器件向多功能光学数字计算系统扩展的能力。 田永辉表示，该工作为构建高密度、低功耗、可重构的光子算术逻辑处理芯片提供了新的实现路径，也为光学数字计算在高速信息处理和片上智能计算中的应用奠定了器件基础。（记者颉满斌 通讯员余若怡）。
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